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雑誌文献

精神医学66巻4号

2024年04月発行

文献概要

特集 精神疾患・精神症状にはどこまで脳器質的背景があるのか—現代の視点から見直す

神経発達症の器質的背景—自閉スペクトラム症と注意欠如多動症を中心に

著者: 幅田加以瑛1 神谷拓1 小坂浩隆1

所属機関: 1福井大学医学系部門病態制御医学講座精神医学

ページ範囲:P.399 - P.404

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 本稿では,自閉スペクトラム症(autism spectrum disorder:ASD)と注意欠如多動症(attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder:ADHD)を中心に神経発達症における脳の発達と環境因子の影響について論じる。ASDでは,生後早期に脳の過成長がみられ,特に皮質表面積の急速な拡大が関連している。また,白質線維路の異常な発達と機能的結合の低下は,社会性の障害に結びついている可能性がある。ADHDでは,特定の脳領域の体積減少を認め,白質線維路のFA値の変化は症状の持続性と関係している。治療薬の影響による脳形態の変化も指摘されている。環境的影響としては,妊娠中の栄養状態や有害物質への曝露がリスクを高めることが示唆された。ASDとADHDの複雑な病因に迫る試みがなされているが,決定的な原因はまだ特定されていない。今後は,新しい画像撮影技術や解析方法の開発,さらには周産期の障害を含む環境因子との相互作用を考慮に入れることで,病態のより深い理解が進むことが期待される。

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-126X

印刷版ISSN:0488-1281

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