1)大腸癌研究会(編).大腸癌取扱い規約,7版補訂版.金原出版,2009
2)Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B, Kudo S, et al. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA(eds). Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. IARC Press, pp 103-119, 2000
3)Johnson JW, Judd ES, Dahlin DC. Malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum in young persons. Arch Surg 79 : 365-372, 1959
4)Clery AP, Dockerty MB, Waugh JM. Small-cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum. A clinicopathologic study. Arch Surg 83 : 164-172, 1961
5)Gibbs NM. Undifferentiated carcinoma of the large intestine. Histopathology 1 : 77-84, 1977
6)Rüschoff J, Dietmaier W, Lüttges J, et al. Poorly differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma, medullary type : clinical, phenotypic, and molecular characteristics. Am J Pathol 150 : 1815-1825, 1997
7)Sugao Y, Yao T, Kubo C, et al. Improved prognosis of solid-type poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma : a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 31 : 123-133, 1997
8)Jessurun J, Romero-Guadarrama M, Manivel JC. Medullary adenocarcinoma of the colon : clinicopathologic study of 11 cases. Hum Pathol 30 : 843-848, 1999
9)Lanza G, Gaf・R, Matteuzzi M, et al. Medullary-type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the large bowel : a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by microsatellite instability and improved survival. J Clin Oncol 17 : 2429-2438, 1999
10)Arai T, Esaki Y, Sawabe M, et al. Hypermethylation of the hMLH1 promoter with absent hMLH1 expression in medullary-type poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma in the elderly. Mod Pathol 17 : 172-179, 2004
11)重松明博.低分化型大腸癌の臨床病理学的研究.病理と臨 3 : 1239-1249, 1985
12)大塚正彦,加藤洋.大腸の低・未分化癌の臨床病理学的検討─分類および内分泌細胞癌との関連について.日消外会誌 25 : 1248-1256, 1992
13)平井一郎,池田栄一,飯沢肇,他.大腸低分化腺癌,印環細胞癌の臨床病理学的検討.日消外会誌 28 : 805-812, 1995
14)Taniyama K, Suzuki H, Matsumoto M, et al. Flow cytometric DNA analysis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colorectum. Jpn J Clin Oncol 21 : 406-411, 1991
15)Arai T, Takubo K. Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of gastric and colorectal carcinomas in the elderly. Pathol Int 57 : 303-314, 2007
16)大腸癌研究会(編).大腸癌取扱い規約,7版.金原出版,2006
17)Arai T, Kasahara I, Sawabe M, et al. Microsatellite-unstable mucinous colorectal carcinoma occurring in the elderly : comparison with medullary type poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 57 : 205-212, 2007