1)Farfan HF:The pathological anatomy of degenerative spondylolisthesis. A cadaver study. Spine 5:412-418, 1980
2)Fitzgerald JA, Newman PH:Degenerative spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 58:184-192, 1976
3)Itoi E:Roentgenographic analysis of posture in spinal osteoporotics. Spine 16:750-756, 1991
4)Jackson RP, McManus AC:Radiographic analysis of sagittal plane alignment and balance in standing volunteers and patients with low back pain matched for age, sex, and size. A prospective controlled clinical study. Spine 19:1611-1618, 1994
5)Jones G, Nguyen T, Sambrook PN, et al:A longitudinal study of the effect of spinal degenerative disease on bone density in the elderly. J Rheumatol 22:932-936, 1995
6)Kaupplia LI, Tallroth K:Postmortem angiographic findings for arteries supplying the lumbar spine:Their relationship to low-back symptoms. J Spinal Disord 6:124-129, 1993
7)Kaupplia LI, Penttia A, Karhunen P, et al:Lumbar disc degeneration and atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta. Spine 19:923-929, 1994
8)Kaupplia LI:Prevalence of stenotic changes in arteries supplying the lumbar spine. A postmortem angiographic study on 140 subjects. Ann Rheum Dis 56:591-595, 1997
9)Kauppila LI, McAlindon T, Evans S, et al:Disc degeneration/back pain and calcification of the abdominal aorta:A 25-year follow-up study in Framingham. Spine 22:1642-1649, 1997
10)Kurunlahti M, Tervonen O, Vanharanta H, et al:Association of atherosclerosis with low back pain and the degree of disc degeneration. Spine 24:2080-2084, 1999
11)Lane NE, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, et al:Reliability of new indices of radiographic osteoarthritis of the hand and hip and lumbar disc degeneration. J Rheumatol 20:1911-1918, 1993
12)Macnab I:Spondylolisthesis with an intact neural arch;the so-called pseudo-spondylolisthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 32:325-333, 1950
13)Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S:Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. A meta-analysis of literature 1970-1993. Spine 19(Suppl):S2256-2262, 1994
14)Meyerding HW:Spondylolisthesis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 54:371-377, 1932
15)Morgan FP, King T:Primary instability of lumbar vertebrae as a common cause of low back pain. J Bone Joint Surg Br 39:6-21, 1957
16)折茂 肇,杉岡洋一,福永仁夫・他:原発性骨粗鬆症の診断基準(1996年度改訂版).Osteoporosis Japan 4:643-653,1996
17)Pye SR, Reid DM, Smith R, et al:Radiographic features of lumbar disc degeneration and self-reported back pain. J Rheumatol 31:753-758, 2004
18)Savage RA, Whitehouse GH, Roberts N:The relationship between the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the lumbar spine and low back pain, age and occupation in males. Eur Spine J 6:106-114, 1997
19)Torgerson WR, Dotter WE:Comparative roentgenographic study of the asymptomatic and symptomatic lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58:850-853, 1976
20)van Tulder MW, Assendelft WJ, Koes BW, et al:Spinal radiographic findings and nonspecific low back pain. A systematic review of observational studies. Spine 22:427-434, 1997
21)Yoshimura N, Dennison E, Wilman C, et al:Epidemiology of chronic disc degeneration and osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine in Britain and Japan:a comparative study. J Rheumatol 27:429-433, 2000