臨床整形外科42巻10号

2007年10月発行

誌上シンポジウム 外傷性頚部症候群―最近の進歩

外傷性頚部症候群の生体力学的解析の進歩

著者： 小谷善久¹

所属機関： ¹北海道大学大学院医学研究科高次診断治療学専攻機能再生医学講座整形外科学分野

ページ範囲：P.969 - P.975

　外傷性頚部症候群の病態を明らかにする目的で，ボランティア，屍体頚椎または全身屍体，ダミーなどを用いた高加速度衝突実験による生体力学的解析が行われている．近年それらの成果として，衝突時の頚椎異常動態や損傷組織候補の特定に関する様々な新知見が報告されている．頚椎動態では頚椎柱全体が伸展状態となる前の衝突後早期の段階で，下位頚椎のみが過前弯となることでC5-6付近の椎間損傷が発生する説が有力となっている．また同様の高加速度衝突において，下位頚椎の椎間関節包や椎骨動脈に生理的範囲を越えた伸長が起こることも報告されている．これら様々な頚椎構成要素に関する近年の生体力学的解析の進歩について総説を述べる．

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