1) Ahlback S, Bauer GCH, Bohne WH:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee. Arth Rheum 11:705-733, 1968
2) 阿部 功,原田義忠,池之上純男・他:大腿骨頭壊死の自然経過―MRI矢状断像による検討.Hip Joint 23:282-285,1997
3) 安倍吉則,高橋 新,船山完一・他:病理組織像からみた特発性大腿骨頭壊死症の病態.別冊整形外科35:18-24,1999
4) Crock HV:The Blood Supply of the Lower Limb Bones in Man. E&S Livingstone LTD, 1967
5) Ecker ML:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the distal femur. Inst Course Lect 50:495-498, 2001
6) 飯田 哲・他:ステロイド性骨壊死のProspective study. Hip Joint 21:525-530,1993
7) Johnson TC, Evans JA, Gilley JA, et al:Osteonecrosis of the knee after arthroscopic surgery for meniscal tears and chondral lesions Arthroscopy 16:254-261, 2000
8) 腰野富久・他:膝の特発性骨壊死の臨床所見とX線学的所見.日整会誌49:189-201,1975
9) 腰野富久:大腿骨顆部骨壊死(膝骨壊死)の臨床指針―特発性とステロイド性の比較.関節外科2:435-442,1983
10) Lecouvet FE, van de Berg BC, Maldague BE, et al:Early irreversible osteonecrosis versus transient lesions of the femoral condyles:prognostic value of subchondral bone and marrow changes on MR imaging. AJR Am J Radiol 170:71-77, 1998
11) Low K, Mont MA, Hungerford DS:Steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the knee:A comprehensive review. Inst Course Lect 50:489-493, 2001
12) Mont MA, Baumgarten KM, Rifai A, et al:Atraumatic osteonecrosis of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg 82:1279-1290, 2000
13) Narvaez J, Narvaez JA, Rodriguez MJ, et al:Osteonecrosis of the knee:differences among idiopathic and secondary types. Rheumatology 39:982-989, 2000
14) Pape D, Seil R, Fritsch E, et al:Prevalence of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle in elderly patients. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10:233-240, 2002
15) Patel DV, Breazeale NM, Behr CT, et al:Osteonecrosis of the knee:current clinical concepts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 6:2-11, 1998
16) 斉藤知行,腰野富久,鈴木英一・他:膝周辺の骨壊死の診断と治療.関節外科19:105-112,2000
17) 坂本雅昭,秋田 徹,清水 耕・他:Prospective studyによる骨壊死の早期MRI画像の検討.Hip Joint 19:253-256,1993
18) Sakamoto M, Shimizu K, Iida S, et al:Osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A prospective study with MRI. Bone Joint Surg Br 79:213-219, 1997
19) 清水 耕,勝呂 徹,土屋明弘・他:MRIによる膝関節部骨壊死症の検討.臨整外25:1157-1166,1990
20) 清水 耕,秋田 徹,坂本雅昭・他:大腿骨頭壊死症における多発性骨壊死症の検討.Hip Joint 17:368-372,1991
21) Shimizu K, Moriya H, Akita T, et al:Prediction of collapse with magnetic resonance imaging of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am 76:215-223, 1994
22) 清水 耕,秋田 徹,坂本雅昭・他:ステロイド性骨壊死のMRI診断―多発性骨壊死の検討.リウマチ科14:128-134,1995
23) 清水 耕,坂本雅昭,原田義忠・他:ステロイド性大腿骨頭壊死症の自然経過―MRIによる5年以上経過観察例の検討.Hip Joint 24:310-313,1998
24) 清水 耕:無腐性骨壊死のMRI.Orthopaedics 12:109-117,1999
25) 清水 耕:大腿骨頭壊死のMRI診断.関節外科19:45-61,2000
26) 清水 耕:骨壊死の病理組織所見―MRI所見との比較検討.リウマチ科27:124-138,2002
27) Uchino Y, Ochi M, Adachi N, et al:Interaosseous hypertension and venous congestion in osteonecrosis of the knee. Clin Orthop 384:217-223, 2001
28) Yamamoto T, Bullough P:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee:the results of subchondral insufficiency fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82:858-866, 2000
29) Yamaguchi T, Masuda T, Sasaki T, et al:Steoid-induced osteonecrosis of the patella. Clin Orthop 229:201-294, 1988
30) Zizic TM:Avascular necrosis of bone. Rheuma-tology 2 26-37, 1990