1) Awad JN, Moskovich R:Lumbar disc herniations:surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 443:183-197, 2006
2) Chou R, Atlas SJ, Stanos SP, et al:Nonsurgical interventional therapies for low back pain:a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society clinical practice guideline. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 34:1078-1093, 2009
3) Gabr MA, Jing L, Helbling AR, et al:Interleukin-17 synergizes with IFNγ or TNFα to promote inflammatory mediator release and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in human intervertebral disc cells. J Orthop Res 29:1-7, 2011
4) Haro H:Translational research of herniated discs:current status of diagnosis and treatment. J Orthop Sci 19:515-520, 2014
5) Haro H, Nishiga M, Ishii D, et al:Experimental chemonucleolysis with recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 in human herniated discs and dogs. Spine J 14:1280-1290, 2014
6) 北原 宏(編):歴史 P1−4:腰椎椎間板内酵素注入療法.金原出版,1994
7) Praemer AFS, Furner S, Rice DP:Musculoskeletal Conditions in the United States. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 1999
8) Smith L, Garvin PJ, Gesler RM, et al:Enzyme dissolution of the nucleus pulposus. Nature 200:1311-1312, 1963
9) Takada T, Nishida K, Doita M, et al:Fas ligand exists on intervertebral disc cells:a potential molecular mechanism for immune privilege of the disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27:1526-1530, 2002
10) Thomas L:Reversible collapse of rabbit ears after intravenous papain, and prevention of recovery by cortisone. J Exp Med 104:245-242, 1956
11) Vroomen PC, de Krom MC, Knottnerus JA:Predicting the outcome of sciatica at short-term follow-up. Br J Gen Pract 52:119-123, 2002
12) Wardlaw D, Rithchie IK, Sabboubeh AF, et al:Prospective randomized trial of chemonucleolysis compared with surgery for soft disc herniation with 1-year, intermediate, and long-term outcome:part II:the radiological outcome. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 38:E1058-1064, 2013
13) Wittenberg RH, Oppel S, Rubenthaler FA, et al:Five-year results from chemonucleolysis with chymopapain or collagenase:a prospective randomized study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 26:1835-1841, 2001
14) 山下敏彦(編):カラーアトラス 脊椎・脊髄外科.Section 2 椎間板切除術.D 経皮的椎間板内手術.pp366-369,中外医学社,2013