1) Levin LS. The reconstructive ladder. An orthoplastic approach. Orthop Clin North Am 1993;24(3):393-409.
2) Pollak AN, McCarthy ML, Burgess AR. Short-term wound complications after application of flaps for coverage of traumatic soft-tissue defects about the tibia. The Lower Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP) Study Group. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2000;82(12):1681-91.
3) 工藤俊哉.最新 重症開放骨折の治療 治療の標準化を目指して(第4回) 軟部組織再建の概念と種類.整形外科Surgical Technique 5(4):481-6,2015.
4) Gottlieb LJ, Krieger LM. From the reconstructive ladder to the reconstructive elevator. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93(7):1503-4.
5) 土田芳彦.重症下腿開放骨折における骨軟部再建.日本マイクロ会誌2016;29(1):1-7.
6) 土田芳彦.骨欠損を伴う開放骨折—血管柄付き骨移植.関節外科2014;33(6):647-51.
7) Coleman JJ 3rd, Sultan MR. The bipedicled osteocutaneous scapula flap:a new subscapular system free flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 1991;87(4):682-92.