理学療法ジャーナル43巻11号

2009年11月発行

報告

高齢者の転倒を予測するためのステッピングテストの有効性

著者： 池添冬芽¹ 市橋則明¹ 島浩人² 浅川康吉³

所属機関： ¹京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 ²宇治武田病院 ³群馬大学医学部保健学科

ページ範囲：P.989 - P.995

要旨：本研究の目的は，スポーツ選手の敏捷性テストとして考案されたステッピングテストに着目し，高齢者を対象に測定した場合の信頼性，ステッピングテストと運動機能や転倒との関連性について分析し，高齢者の転倒リスクを予測するためのステッピングテストの有効性について明らかにすることである．高齢者42名（平均年齢81.3±6.1歳），および若年者40名（平均年齢20.0±1.8歳）を対象とした．ステッピングテストは，椅子座位・立位の2条件で，足踏みをできるだけ速く5秒間行わせた時の回数を測定した．級内相関係数は高齢者の座位ステッピングが0.90，立位ステッピング0.96，若年者では座位ステッピング0.86，立位ステッピング0.86であり，高齢者において高い信頼性が得られた．高齢者における座位・立位ステッピング値（回数）は，膝伸展トルク，立ち座りテスト，片脚立位保持時間，FR，TUGのすべての運動機能項目との間に有意な相関が認められた．さらに，高齢者の転倒との関連については，座位ステッピングでは転倒群，非転倒群とで有意差は認められなかったが，立位ステッピングでは2群間に有意差が認められ，立位ステッピング値が17回を下回ると，転倒の危険性が約7倍に増加することが示唆された．

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