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理学療法ジャーナル51巻12号

2017年12月発行

文献概要

特集 エキスパートが語る小児理学療法

脳性麻痺研究

著者: 藪中良彦1

所属機関: 1大阪保健医療大学保健医療学部リハビリテーション学科理学療法学専攻

ページ範囲:P.1067 - P.1077

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はじめに

 現在世界的に使用されている脳性麻痺(cerebral palsy:CP)の定義は,2004年にWorkshop in Bethesdaで設定された「脳性麻痺の言葉の意味するところは,運動と姿勢の発達の異常の1つの集まりを説明するものであり,活動の制限を引き起こすが,それは発生・発達しつつある胎児または乳児の脳のなかで起こった非進行性の障害に起因すると考えられる.脳性麻痺の運動障害には,感覚,認知,コミュニケーション,認識,それと/または行動,さらに/または発生性疾患が付け加わる」1)であり,脳の損傷の部位や程度にかかわりなく,発達の早期に脳に非進行性の障害が生じた結果,引き起こされる運動と姿勢の異常を意味している.そのため,その臨床像は,日常生活に支障のないレベルから寝たきりまでと,非常に幅広いものになっている.そのCPの不均一性(heterogeneity)が,CP研究実施の困難さの1つの原因になっている.また,もう1つ別の原因は,CP児において心身機能/身体構造と活動の関係が明確でないことである.

 本稿では,最初に理学療法に関係するCP研究の現状を文献考察から紹介するとともに,前述のCP研究実施の困難さの2つの原因を中心に小児理学療法分野におけるCP研究の課題について解説を行う.

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1359

印刷版ISSN:0915-0552

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