理学療法ジャーナル51巻9号

2017年09月発行

講座 ニューロモジュレーション・1【新連載】

ニューロモジュレーションの現状と展望

著者： 竹内直行¹ 出江紳一¹

所属機関： ¹東北大学大学院医学系研究科肢体不自由学分野

ページ範囲：P.799 - P.807

はじめに

　中枢神経疾患の機能回復には適切な可塑性を誘導することが重要であり，さまざまなリハビリテーション手法が報告されている^1）．さらに最近では頭皮上から刺激を行い大脳皮質の興奮性を人工的に変化させ，脳可塑性を引き起こし機能回復に結びつけるニューロモジュレーションがリハビリテーション分野において注目を集めている^2）．本稿では代表的なニューロモジュレーションである反復経頭蓋磁気刺激（repetitive transcranialmagnetic stimulation：rTMS）および経頭蓋直流電気刺激（transcranial direct current stimulation：tDCS）を概説し，脳卒中，パーキンソン病，うつ病，慢性疼痛に対する治療法およびメカニズムを紹介する．

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