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理学療法ジャーナル52巻2号

2018年02月発行

文献概要

特集 低栄養/摂食嚥下機能障害と理学療法

低栄養/摂食嚥下障害に対する栄養療法

著者: 西岡心大1

所属機関: 1長崎リハビリテーション病院法人本部口のリハ推進室・教育研修部・栄養管理室

ページ範囲:P.109 - P.115

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はじめに

 摂食嚥下障害が脱水,誤嚥性肺炎,低栄養など重篤な帰結をもたらすことはよく知られている.例えば摂食嚥下障害の主要な原因疾患である脳卒中患者では6.1〜62%1),頭頸部癌患者で67%2),筋萎縮性側索硬化症患者では最大100%3,4)が低栄養または低栄養リスクを生じている.さらに摂食嚥下障害を有する脳卒中患者は非摂食嚥下障害患者と比較して2.4倍低栄養のリスクが高い5)

 摂食嚥下障害の結果として低栄養が生じるのは当然であるが,近年における低栄養の概念の変化や,サルコペニアの摂食嚥下障害の概念が提唱されたことなどから,低栄養やサルコペニアが原因となり摂食嚥下障害を生じる可能性が考えられている.また,摂食嚥下障害に対する栄養療法の意味合いも「不十分な経口摂取を補う代償手段」のみならず「摂食嚥下機能を高める介入手段」を包括するものとして考える時期にある.本稿では低栄養の概念を整理するとともに,摂食嚥下障害との関連や栄養療法の意義について概説する.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1359

印刷版ISSN:0915-0552

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