理学療法ジャーナル53巻6号

2019年06月発行

特集 上肢運動器疾患—若年者と中高年者の特徴

若年者に多い上肢スポーツ障害の特徴—バイオメカニクスの点から

著者： 村木孝行¹

所属機関： ¹東北大学病院リハビリテーション部

ページ範囲：P.543 - P.549

はじめに

　上肢の関節は非荷重関節であり，若年者においては学生生活を含めた日常生活活動内では非外傷性の障害が起きにくい．中高年では骨棘や腱の退行変性といった加齢による器質的変化が影響し得るが，若年者においてその影響はほとんどみられない．一方，上肢を多く使うスポーツでは非日常的な高い運動負荷が上肢に加わる．上肢スポーツに従事している若年者では，上肢の運動量が多くなり，overuse（使いすぎ）として問題となることがしばしばみられる．筋や関節の機能低下が上肢運動器疾患に影響することはどの年代でも同じであるが，overuseが生じると軽微な機能低下でも障害を引き起こしてしまうことがある．

　以上より，若年者の上肢運動器疾患はoveruseと機能低下が組み合わさって生じると考えられ，上肢スポーツ活動においてその発生頻度が高くなるのは言うまでもない．さらに，成長期においては骨成長の程度によって障害が生じる部位や病態が異なってくることも考慮する必要がある．本稿では若年者の上肢運動器疾患の多くを占める非外傷性の上肢スポーツ障害を取り上げ，その特徴をバイオメカニクスの点から述べる．

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