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雑誌文献

理学療法ジャーナル53巻6号

2019年06月発行

文献概要

特集 上肢運動器疾患—若年者と中高年者の特徴

上肢運動器変性疾患の病態と機能解剖における若年者と中高年者の特徴

著者: 青木光広1

所属機関: 1北海道医療大学リハビリテーション科学部理学療法学科

ページ範囲:P.551 - P.560

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はじめに

 前項(543頁)では,肩・肘・手関節における上肢スポーツ障害の特徴がバイオメカニクス的視点より解説されている.スポーツは少年期より開始され,成年を経て中高年に至るまで広く実施されており,何よりもまず若年者のスポーツ障害に対する予防医療が必要とされ,少年野球を中心とした大規模な検診などにより提言が作成されている1).また並行して,欧米を中心としたスポーツ医学(The American Journal of Sports Medicine誌,Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery誌など)の進歩のなかで,バイオメカニクス的視点より上肢スポーツ障害の病態とその特徴が明らかにされている.医療経済の観点からみると,スポーツの高度なパフォーマンスは聴衆の注目を集め,その結果スポンサーの協賛が高い収益をもたらすに至っている.したがって,バイオメカニクス的視点による病態解析は適齢期アスリートの障害を把握するために発展し,主に成人を想定して行われてきた.

 一方,先進国のなかでも特にこれからの日本では高齢者人口が増加し,健康寿命の延伸に伴い就労年齢が高くなり2),労務環境や姿勢,さらに体組成・骨量の変化,変性した靱帯・関節包などの緻密結合組織に微小ストレスの蓄積が起こると予測される.高齢化による筋力低下や関節拘縮,骨粗鬆症や軟骨変性による骨・軟骨の脆弱性に伴い発生する運動器機能障害により,運動療法を必要とする中高年者の運動器変性疾患の罹患者数は飛躍的に増加すると考えられ,その病態は加齢により変遷すると予測される.

 本稿では今後増加すると予測される成人から中高年者に発生する上肢運動器変性疾患の病態を,バイオメカニクスの視点とそれに関連する機能解剖より,他動運動を可能な限り忠実に再現した解剖標本画像を参照しながら解説する.

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1359

印刷版ISSN:0915-0552

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