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文献詳細

雑誌文献

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩59巻3号

2007年03月発行

特集 分子イメージング

ヒスタミン受容体の分子イメージング

著者: 田代学1 谷内一彦2

所属機関: 1東北大学サイクロトロン・ラジオアイソトープセンター,サイクロトロン核医学研究部 2東北大学大学院医学系研究科機能薬理学分野

ページ範囲:P.221 - P.231

文献概要

I.ヒスタミン神経系の研究

 ヒスタミンは,アレルギー反応の引き金として作用するだけでなく,中枢神経系における伝達物質としても重要な役割を演じており,睡眠―覚醒サイクルの維持や食欲の調節など多様な神経機能に関与している。脳内ヒスタミンは視床下部後部に位置する「結節乳頭核」の神経細胞(ヒスタミン・ニューロン)によってのみ合成されており,このヒスタミン・ニューロンは大脳皮質のほぼ全域に加えて,視床,脳幹といった広範囲に投射線維を送っている(Fig.1)。ヒスタミン・ニューロンの存在に関する最初の報告は,1983年に日本人のWatanabeらによってなされた1)。すなわち,ヒスタミン合成酵素(L-ヒスチジンデカルボキシラーゼ)抗体やヒスタミン抗体を用いて,その脳内分布が明らかにされた2,3)。ヒスタミン作動性神経(ヒスタミン神経)は,4種類のヒスタミン受容体サブタイプ(H1,H2,H3,H4)を介して情報伝達を行っている。H1受容体は,睡眠―覚醒サイクルの調節,食欲の調節,ストレス反応,てんかん発作の抑制作用,そして学習・記憶,感情などといった多様な脳機能に関与している4,5)。H2受容体は胃酸分泌の調節にあたるほか,脳内ではH1受容体に類似した機能に関与していると考えられている。H3受容体はシナプス前膜上の自己受容体として発見されており,脳内ヒスタミンの合成・放出の調節に関与していることが明らかにされた5)

参考文献

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