1) Alstermark B. Lundberg A. Norrsell U. Sybirska E: Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 9. Differential behavioural defects after spinal cord lesions interrupting defined pathways from higher centres to motoneurones. Exp Brain Res 42:299-318, 1981
2) Alstermark B. Isa T. Ohki Y. Saito Y: Disynaptic pyramidal excitation in forelimb motoneurons mediated via C3-C4 propriospinal neurons in the Macaca fuscata. J Neurophysiol 82:3580-3585, 1999
3) Belhaj-Saif A. Karrer JH. Cheney PD: Distribution and characteristics of poststimulus effects in proximal and distal forelimb muscles from red nucleus in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 79:1777-1789, 1998
4) Bortoff GA . Strick PL:Corticospinal terminations in two new-world primates: further evidence that corticomotoneuronal connections provide part of the neural substrate for manual dexterity. J Neurosci 13:5105-5118, 1993
5) Buford JA. Davidson AG:Movement-related and preparatory activity in the reticurospinal system of the monkey. Exp Brain Res 159:284-300, 2004
6) Davidson AG. Buford JA: Bilateral action of the reticulospinal tract on arm and shoulder muscles in the monkey:stimulus triggered averaging. Exp Brain Res 173:25-39, 2006
7) Dum RP. Strick PL: Spinal cord terminations of the medial wall motor areas in macaque monkeys. J Neurosci 16:6513-6525, 1996
8) Dum RP, Strick PL:Motor areas in the frontal lobe of the primate. Physiol Behav 77:677-682, 2002
9) Heffner R. Masterton B: Variation in form of the pyramidal tract and its relationship to digital dexterity. Brain B9ehav Evol 12:161-200, 1975
10) Holstege G. Blok BF. Ralston DD: Anatomical evidence for red nucleus projections to motoneuronal cell groups in the spinal cord of the monkey.Neurosci Lett 95:97-101, 1988
11) Illert M. Lundberg A. Tanaka R: Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 3. Convergence on propriospinal neurones transmitting disynaptic excitation from the corticospinal tract and other descending tracts. Exp Brain Res 29:323-346, 1977
12) Illert M, Lundberg A, Padel Y, Tanaka R:Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 5. Properties of and monosynaptic excitatory convergence on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones. Exp Brain Res 33:101-130, 1978
13) Isa T. Ohki Y. Seki K. Alstermark B: Properties of propriospinal neurons in the C3-C4 segments mediating disynaptic pyramidal excitation to forelimb motoneurons in the macaque monkey.J Neurophysiol 95:3674-3685, 2006
14) Jankowska E. Stecina K. Cabaj A. Pettersson LG. Edgley SA: Neuronal relays in double crossed pathways between feline motor cortex and ipsilateral hindlimb motoneurones. J Physiol 575:527-541, 2006
15) Kably B. Drew T: Corticoreticular pathways in the cat.I.Projection patterns and collaterization.J Neurophysiol 80:389-405, 1998
16) Kuypers HG:Anatomy of descending pathways.Handbook of Physiology. Sect. I. The nervous system. vol.II. Motor control. pt 1. vol II. Motor control. pt 1. American Physiological Society. Bethesda. MD. pp597-666, 1981
17) Kuypers HG: Anatomical analysis of cortico-bulbar connexions to the pons and the lower brain stem in the cat. J Anat 92:198-218, 1958
18) Lacroix S, Havton LA, McKay H, Yang H, Tuszynski MH. et al Bilateral corticospinal projections arise from each motor cortex in the macaque monkey: a quantitative study. J Comp Neurol 473:147-161, 2004
19) Lawrence DG, Kuypers HG:The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey.I.The effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions. Brain 91:1-14, 1968
20) Lawrence DG, Kuypers HG:The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey.II.The effects of lesions of the descending brain-stem pathways. Brain 91:15-36, 1968
21) Maier MA. Illert M, Kirkwood PA, Nielsen J, Lemon RN:Does a C3-C4 propriospinal system transmit corticospinal excitation in the primate? An investigation in the macaque monkey. J Physiol 511:191-212, 1998
22) Maier MA. Armand J. Kirkwood PA. Yang HW. Davis JN, Lemon RN:Differences in the corticospinal projection from primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area to macaque upper limb motoneurons: An anatomical and electrophysiological studay. Cerebral Cortex 12:281-296, 2002
23) Nishimura Y. Onoe H. Tsukada H. Isa T: Bilateral Ativation of Sensorymotor Crtex after Corticospinal Tact Lesion in Cevical Spinal Crd in Monkeys.. The 82nd Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan. Abstract, 2005
24) 西村幸男, 伊佐正:手の巧緻運動を支える皮質脊髄路とその損傷後の機能回復, 感覚受容から認知, 記憶・学習, 行動までの脳機能研究の新展開―分子細胞システムレベルからの統合的解明―. 実験医学増刊. 24: 200-207, 2006
25) Sasaki S, Isa T, Pettersson LG, Alstermark B, Ohki Y. et al:Dexterous finger movements in primate without monosynaptic corticomptpneuronal excitation. J Neurophysiol 92:3142-147, 2004
26) Schmidlin E. Wannier T. Bloch J. Rouiller EM:Progressive plastic changes in the hand representation of the primary motor cortex parallel incomplete recovery from a unilateral section of the corticospinal tract at cervical level in monkeys.Brain Res 1017:172-183, 2004
27) 本郷利憲, 広重力(監修):脊髄, 運動機能. 標準生理学. 第5版, 医学書院, 2000. p306
28) Torvik A. Brodal A: The origin of reticulospinal fibers in the cat;an experimental study.Anet Rec 128: 113-137, 1957
29) Van Kan PL. McCurdy ML:Contribution of primate magnocellular red nucleus to timing of hand preshaping during reaching to grasp.J Neurophysiol 87:1473-1487, 2002