BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩60巻4号

2008年04月発行

増大特集 神経系の発生とその異常

神経細胞移動と軸索伸長のガイダンスメカニズム

著者： 田中大介¹ 山内健太² 村上富士夫²

所属機関： ¹慶應義塾大学医学部解剖学教室 ²大阪大学大学院生命機能研究科脳神経工学講座脳システム構築学研究室

ページ範囲：P.405 - P.413

文献概要

はじめに

　神経系の機能は，複雑かつ精巧な神経回路の上に成り立っている。生物はその発生期に途方もなく複雑な神経回路を一から組み上げる。最終分裂を終えた神経細胞はまず，最終的に機能する位置まで移動した後，軸索を伸長させ適切な相手と機能的に結合し，正確な神経回路を構築する。したがって，神経回路形成において，適切な方向への神経細胞の移動ならびに軸索伸長は極めて重要な過程である。では，個々の神経細胞は実際，どのようにして標的を認識し標的へと移動しているのか？　またその分子基盤は一体どのようなものか？

　本稿ではまず，ガイダンス分子による細胞移動および軸索伸長の一般的なガイダンスメカニズムを示し，続いて哺乳類の神経発生において重要な役割を果たしていることが確認されている代表的なガイダンス分子と，それらによる細胞移動および軸索伸長における具体例を示していく。

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