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BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩60巻4号

2008年04月発行

増大特集 神経系の発生とその異常

視床皮質投射形成の分子機構

著者: 山本亘彦1

所属機関: 1大阪大学大学院生命機能研究科脳科学講座細胞分子神経生物学教室

ページ範囲:P.415 - P.423

文献概要

はじめに

 視床(thalamus)は外界からの感覚入力や,その他の脳部位からの信号の中継地である。感覚入力については,匂い以外の感覚情報はすべて視床を経由して大脳新皮質(neocortex)に送られる。すなわち,視覚,聴覚などの機能を受け持つ視床核が存在し,対応する大脳皮質の領域(領野)へ軸索を投射している。さらにその投射様式をみると,それぞれの視床核から発した線維は大脳皮質の中の特定の層に投射するという特徴がある。例えば感覚性の視床線維は,主として皮質第4層で枝分かれを作りシナプス結合を形成する。このように,視床皮質投射(thalamocortical projection)は大脳皮質の領野構造,層構造に依存して形作られている。

 視床皮質投射は基本的には,胎児期あるいは胎児期から新生児期にかけて形成される。まず,それぞれの視床部位から発する視床皮質軸索(thalamocortical axon)は,いったん内包(internal capsule)に集まり,そこから大脳皮質へ向かう。さらに,視床皮質軸索は中間帯(intermediate zone)内を伸長し,対応する皮質領野に到着すると皮質板(cortical plate,将来大脳皮質の細胞層を構成する)に侵入を開始する1。皮質板に入った視床皮質軸索は深層を通り抜け,特定の層で枝分かれを作り,シナプス結合を形成する。この一連の発生過程には,経路選択・標的認識を含むいくつものメカニズムが働いていると考えられる。

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1344-8129

印刷版ISSN:1881-6096

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