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雑誌文献

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩60巻6号

2008年06月発行

総説

神経有棘赤血球症

著者: 市場美緒1 中村雅之1 佐野輝1

所属機関: 1鹿児島大学大学院医歯学総合研究科精神機能病学分野

ページ範囲:P.635 - P.641

文献概要

はじめに

 Neuroacanthocytosisとは,神経症候と有棘赤血球症を併せ持つ病態に対して包括的に使用される用語である。歴史的には,1963年に統合失調症と関連した有棘赤血球症症例として報告されていた家系をもとにして,1968年Levineらが,舞踏運動と認知症,妄想,拒絶などのさまざまな神経精神学的症候と有棘赤血球症をきたす症候群として再度報告したのが最初である1,2)。また,同年にCritchleyらも有棘赤血球症,舞踏運動および健忘などの神経精神学的症候を認める症例で,発端者の兄弟3人がてんかん発作と精神病をきたした家系を報告した3)。これらの報告以降,有棘赤血球症と神経精神症候をきたす疾患として,Levine-Critchley syndromeあるいはneuroacanthocytosisという疾患概念が誕生した。

 Neuroacanthocytosisは臨床的な神経症候において,舞踏運動などのいわゆるmovement disorderを呈する群と呈さない2群に大別される。

 前者として,主に尾状核や被核などの大脳基底核の神経変性を生じ,舞踏運動などのmovement disorderが現れる中核群が挙げられる。この病態については1991年に,Hardieらが臨床所見と剖検結果として線条体の神経変性を報告している4)。中核群の多くは有棘赤血球舞踏病(chorea-acanthocytosis: ChAc)とMcLeod症候群(McLeod syndrome: MLS)で占められ,少数例としてHuntingtong's disease-like 2(HDL2)やパントテン酸キナーゼ関連神経変性(pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration: PKAN)もこの群に含まれる。分子遺伝学的研究の進歩により,これらの疾患の病因遺伝子がいずれも明らかにされ,遺伝子診断により確定診断が可能となっている。最近,hypoprebetalipoproteinemia,acanthocytosis,retinitis pigmentosa and pallidal degeneration(HARP症候群)が遺伝的にPKANの一部であることがわかってきた。

 他方,movement disorderを呈さない群として,リポ蛋白の低下に伴う脂質の吸収不全から神経障害と有棘赤血球症をきたす疾患が存在し,無βリポ蛋白血症(abetalipoproteinemia: ABL),低βリポ蛋白血症(hypobetalipoproteinemia)が挙げられる。これらの疾患においては,脊髄後索,末梢神経,網膜の障害を生じ,失調症状は認めるがいわゆるmovement disorderは生じない(Table1)。

参考文献

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電子版ISSN:1344-8129

印刷版ISSN:1881-6096

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