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BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩61巻12号

2009年12月発行

特集 Somatotopy再考

運動野のSomatotopyを考える―行動制御の生理学的検討から

著者: 丹治順1 中山義久1 山形朋子1 星英司1

所属機関: 1玉川大学脳科学研究所

ページ範囲:P.1363 - P.1371

文献概要

はじめに

 運動野のsomatotopyと聞いたとき,多くの人が思い浮かべるのはWoolseyのサルのマップ(Fig.1)1)とPenfieldによるヒトの運動野の体部位局在図(Fig.2)2)であろう。大脳の運動野に,身体部位との対応関係に部位特異性があるという概念をわかりやすく示したという意味で,1950年代初頭に描かれたこれらの図は十分にその役割を果たした。この歴史的な意義は極めて大きいといえる。しかしそのマップの意味するところを正確に把握し,その限界と欠点を再確認することも大切である。これらの図は両者共に,大脳皮質表面の電気刺激で動く身体の部位の観察をもとに大まかな体部位との関係を概念的に示したものであって,大脳の特定領域と,支配する身体部位との関係を正確に示したものではない。電気刺激マップの弊害としては,大脳運動野の体部位局在性を単純化して拡大解釈してしまう風潮をもたらしたことにある。また,大脳の外側に存在する運動前野が,電気刺激効果を示すマップから消え去っていることも注意を要する。Woolseyのマップでは,運動前野があるべき領域が,あたかも一次運動野の頭部・頸部の領域であるかのように錯覚をしてしまう。その影響の結果として,数十年もの間,運動前野についての関心をそいでしまったことも否めない。そもそも高次運動野にはsomatotopyは存在するのであろうか。

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1344-8129

印刷版ISSN:1881-6096

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