BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩61巻4号

2009年04月発行

特集 大脳基底核―分子基盤から臨床まで

大脳基底核の構造―細胞構築と神経回路

著者： 藤山文乃¹

所属機関： ¹京都大学大学院医学研究科高次脳形態学教室

ページ範囲：P.341 - P.349

文献概要

はじめに

　大脳基底核は小脳とともに錐体路の運動系を修飾し，運動をスムーズに遂行するための大脳核である。また，パーキンソン病やハンチントン病など働き盛りの年代の身体的社会的活動を奪う難治性疾患の病変部位でもあり，この領域のネットワークの解明は社会的にも大きな問題である。さらに最近では黒質－線条体のドーパミン系を中心に，報酬系や強化学習などの新たな機能的側面も注目されている。しかしこの領域には，直接路・間接路投射系，およびストリオソーム・マトリックス構造という2つの概念が共存しており，ネットワークの明確な理解を現在もなお困難にしている。この章では，新しい知見もふまえ大脳基底核の構造を解説する。

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