BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩61巻4号

2009年04月発行

特集 大脳基底核―分子基盤から臨床まで

直接路・間接路・ハイパー直接路の機能

著者： 南部篤¹

所属機関： ¹自然科学研究機構生理学研究所生体システム研究部門

ページ範囲：P.360 - P.372

文献概要

はじめに

　大脳基底核の神経回路や機能に関しての概念は，1980年代後半から1990年にかけて，脱抑制説，直接路・間接路モデルなどが提唱され，大きく変わった。特に，これらをもとにして大脳基底核疾患の病態を説明したり，さらに定位脳手術，特に脳深部刺激療法が導入されたりした。その後ほぼ20年が経過し，直接路・間接路モデルに矛盾する実験データが報告され，批判もされてきた。本稿では，直接路・間接路，およびそれにハイパー直接路を付け加えたモデルを中心に，大脳基底核の回路や機能，さらには大脳基底核疾患の病態生理をどのように説明できるのか，また，その問題点を指摘することにより，新たなモデルを模索したい。これは，「大脳基底核の機能とは何か？」という本質的な問いに答える道でもあると考えられる。

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