BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩62巻11号

2010年11月発行

増大特集 歩行とその異常

歩行における大脳皮質の役割

著者： 森大志¹ 中陦克己²

所属機関： ¹山口大学農学部獣医学科生体機能学講座 ²近畿大学医学部生理学第一講座

ページ範囲：P.1139 - P.1147

文献概要

はじめに

　絶えず変化する外界と自己との接触の中で，私たちは「二足歩行運動」を安定して遂行している。その際，私たちは頭頸部・体幹・四肢など多くの運動分節の組合せやその動きを，状況に対応して巧みに変え，そして協調させる。この巧みさをもたらす二足歩行の神経制御機序は，外界情報や運動分節から始まる内界情報の適切な受容とその処理，歩行運動情報への変換を含めて決して単純なものではない。脳機能画像法による研究は，ヒトの二足歩行に際し，大脳皮質感覚運動野が小脳や脳幹とともにその活動性を増強させることを明らかにした。この研究成果は「二足歩行運動」が皮質下機能とともに皮質機能をも動員して実行されていることを示唆する。本稿では，大脳皮質，特に運動領野に焦点を当て，皮質下機構との関わりから歩行運動の皮質制御様式について考察する。

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