BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩63巻5号

2011年05月発行

総説

帯状回―皮質構造と線維結合

著者： 小林靖¹

所属機関： ¹防衛医科大学校解剖学講座

ページ範囲：P.473 - P.482

文献概要

はじめに

　帯状回の名称はBurdach（1822）にさかのぼる^1）。この脳梁を前後と上方とから取り囲む脳回を，彼はドイツ語でZwinge（ガードルの意）と命名した。脳梁を締め付けているという語感であろう。そのラテン語訳であるcingulumが帯状束，gyrus cinguliが帯状回の解剖学用語として定着した。

　帯状回は，Broca（1878）の定義した辺縁大葉（grand lobe limbique）の重要な構成要素をなす。Brocaは嗅覚の発達した哺乳類で辺縁大葉が発達していることから，帯状回も含めたこの部分の皮質が嗅覚に関係すると考えた（Fig.1)^2）。その後半世紀以上を経て，Papez（1937)^3）は当時の知見を総合して，海馬→乳頭体→視床前核→帯状回→海馬というループ状の伝導路が情動情報の処理を担うと考えた（Fig.2）。彼は体性感覚野や視覚野が感覚を受容する皮質であるのと同様に，帯状回を情動の受容器官と考えた。その後このループ状の伝導路はPapez回路として知られるようになった。

　しかしながら，現在では情動に関連するのは帯状回の最前部であり，そのほかの部分は痛覚の認知や反応の選択，空間情報処理，あるいは長期記憶の形成に重要な役割を果たすことが明らかになっている。本稿では帯状回の構造と線維結合について，主にヒトを含めた霊長類での所見を取り上げる。

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