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Alzheimer病の新承認薬―その効能と限界
著者： 柳澤勝彦1
所属機関： 1独立行政法人国立長寿医療研究センター・認知症先進医療開発センター
ページ範囲：P.863 - P.868
文献概要
はじめに
わが国をはじめとした先進諸国が抱える認知症の問題は，高齢者人口の増加ともあいまって深刻の度合いを増している。Alzheimer病（Alzheimer disease：AD）は認知症を代表する疾患であるが，その病態生理の解明は日進月歩の一方で，根本的な予防法・治療法はいまだ確立していない。わが国ではドネペジル（donepezil）が，最近まで臨床使用可能な唯一のAD治療薬であったが，2011年春，ドネペジルに加え，コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬のガランタミン（galantamine），リバスチグミン（rivastigmine）とグルタミン酸受容体拮抗薬のメマンチン（memantine）の3薬が新たに承認され，処方の幅が広がった。臨床の現場では，ADの“新薬”が登場するとの期待が高まっているところである。しかしながら，これらの薬剤は海外においては10年程前に承認され，使用実績に基づく数多くの報告がなされている。本稿においては，ガランタミン，リバスチグミンならびにメマンチンのプロフィール（Table）を紹介し，それらの効能と限界を考察してみたい。
わが国をはじめとした先進諸国が抱える認知症の問題は，高齢者人口の増加ともあいまって深刻の度合いを増している。Alzheimer病（Alzheimer disease：AD）は認知症を代表する疾患であるが，その病態生理の解明は日進月歩の一方で，根本的な予防法・治療法はいまだ確立していない。わが国ではドネペジル（donepezil）が，最近まで臨床使用可能な唯一のAD治療薬であったが，2011年春，ドネペジルに加え，コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬のガランタミン（galantamine），リバスチグミン（rivastigmine）とグルタミン酸受容体拮抗薬のメマンチン（memantine）の3薬が新たに承認され，処方の幅が広がった。臨床の現場では，ADの“新薬”が登場するとの期待が高まっているところである。しかしながら，これらの薬剤は海外においては10年程前に承認され，使用実績に基づく数多くの報告がなされている。本稿においては，ガランタミン，リバスチグミンならびにメマンチンのプロフィール（Table）を紹介し，それらの効能と限界を考察してみたい。
参考文献
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