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文献詳細

雑誌文献

BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩64巻5号

2012年05月発行

総説

RNA editing活性低下とTDP-43病理―孤発性ALS運動ニューロンにおける疾患特異的両分子異常の分子連関

著者: 郭伸1

所属機関: 1東京大学大学院医学系研究科神経内科学

ページ範囲:P.549 - P.556

文献概要

Ⅰ.ALSの分子病態

 ALSはいうまでもなく上位運動ニューロンと下位運動ニューロンの選択的かつ進行性の変性・脱落として定義される。その分子病態の異同は問題にしていない。したがって,運動ニューロンが変性脱落する原因が複数あればその数だけの分子異常を異にするALSが存在し得ることになる。ALSの10%程度は家族性に発症するが,90%以上は孤発性である。

 家族性ALSを引き起こす責任遺伝子として,これまでに10種類以上の遺伝子異常[SOD1(ALS1)1),Alsin(ALS2)2),Senataxin(ALS4)3),FUS/TLS(ALS6)4,5),VAPB(ALS8)6),ANG(ALS9)7),TDP-43(ALS10)8-11),FIG4(ALS11)12),OPTN(ALS12)13),VCP(ALS14)14),UBQLI2(ALS15)15)など]が見出されており,家族性ALSの約半数程度にこれらの遺伝子異常がみられると推計されている。遺伝形式の多くは優性遺伝であるが,劣性,X染色体性のものもある。また,一部の孤発性ALSにも,これらの遺伝子異常が見出されているが,その割合は数%にとどまり16,17),大多数には遺伝子異常が見出されていない。すなわち,大多数の孤発性ALSはこれらの遺伝子異常が発症原因ではないことも意味している。

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1344-8129

印刷版ISSN:1881-6096

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