BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩64巻7号

2012年07月発行

増大特集 顔認知の脳内機構

事象関連電位を用いた顔認知機構の解明

著者： 飛松省三¹

所属機関： ¹九州大学大学院医学研究院附属脳神経病研究施設臨床神経生理

ページ範囲：P.717 - P.726

文献概要

はじめに

　ヒトの脳は階層的，並列的な処理によって網膜の光情報から意味ある視覚世界を再構築している。これによりヒトは，時々刻々と変化する外界の情報を視覚パターンとして認知し，即座に適応的な行動に役立てている。驚くべきことに入力から約200ms程度のわずかな時間で視覚的情報を統合し，その物体がなんであるかを正確に識別している¹⁾。

　顔および表情は，社会生活において重要かつ最も見慣れた視覚パターンの1つである。普段目にする他者の顔は，人物特有の顔の特徴に加え部分的特徴変化の複雑な組み合わせからなる。そのため，顔およびその表情の認知は物体認知の中でも高度に特殊化された処理機構を持つと考えられている。

　本稿では，主に並列的視覚情報処理の観点から顔や表情認知の基盤となる脳内メカニズムについての知見を，時間分解能に優れる事象関連電位（event-related potential：ERP）を中心として紹介し，顔認知をめぐる最近の研究動向を概観する。顔および表情認知の脳内メカニズムについてはここ数年の総説を参考にしていただきたい^2-8)。

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