文献詳細
増大特集 Antibody Update
文献概要
はじめに
古くから,A群β溶血性連鎖球菌(以下,溶連菌)感染後に,シデナム舞踏病に代表される不随意運動などの神経症状,精神症状が急性発症することが知られていた1)。病態としては分子擬態(molecular mimic)による自己免疫機序が推定され,患者の血清,脳脊髄液などの生体試料を用いたヒト脳での免疫組織化学染色(以下,免疫染色),ヒト脳ホモジュネートを用いたウエスタンブロット解析で,大脳基底核をターゲットとする自己抗体の存在が報告され,抗大脳基底核抗体(anti-basal ganglia antibody:ABGA)が提唱された2)。さらに慢性チック障害であるトゥレット症候群,同症候群に併発する強迫性障害(obsessive-compulsive disorder),化膿性連鎖球菌感染に伴う小児自己免疫性精神神経障害(pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections:PANDAS)においても,溶連菌感染と関係したABGAの関与が推定されている3)。従来,蛍光免疫染色,ヒト脳ホモジュネートを用いたウエスタンブロットやELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)による解析が行われてきたが,近年,ドパミン神経やドパミン受容体に対する自己抗体に関する解析も進められている4)。
本稿では,ABGAと関連する大脳基底核の解剖,シデナム舞踏病,トゥレット症候群,強迫性障害,PANDASでのABGAの歴史的経緯と意義,ABGAの病態に関して解説する。加えて筆者らによる小児の亜急性自己免疫性脳炎での解析結果も紹介する。
古くから,A群β溶血性連鎖球菌(以下,溶連菌)感染後に,シデナム舞踏病に代表される不随意運動などの神経症状,精神症状が急性発症することが知られていた1)。病態としては分子擬態(molecular mimic)による自己免疫機序が推定され,患者の血清,脳脊髄液などの生体試料を用いたヒト脳での免疫組織化学染色(以下,免疫染色),ヒト脳ホモジュネートを用いたウエスタンブロット解析で,大脳基底核をターゲットとする自己抗体の存在が報告され,抗大脳基底核抗体(anti-basal ganglia antibody:ABGA)が提唱された2)。さらに慢性チック障害であるトゥレット症候群,同症候群に併発する強迫性障害(obsessive-compulsive disorder),化膿性連鎖球菌感染に伴う小児自己免疫性精神神経障害(pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections:PANDAS)においても,溶連菌感染と関係したABGAの関与が推定されている3)。従来,蛍光免疫染色,ヒト脳ホモジュネートを用いたウエスタンブロットやELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)による解析が行われてきたが,近年,ドパミン神経やドパミン受容体に対する自己抗体に関する解析も進められている4)。
本稿では,ABGAと関連する大脳基底核の解剖,シデナム舞踏病,トゥレット症候群,強迫性障害,PANDASでのABGAの歴史的経緯と意義,ABGAの病態に関して解説する。加えて筆者らによる小児の亜急性自己免疫性脳炎での解析結果も紹介する。
参考文献
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