BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩65巻5号

2013年05月発行

特集 てんかん―新しいパースペクティブ

「てんかん」を再度オーバービューする―歴史・分類・機序・治療

著者： 廣瀬源二郎¹

所属機関： ¹浅ノ川総合病院脳神経センター

ページ範囲：P.509 - P.520

文献概要

Ⅰ．てんかんの歴史

　てんかんはアルツハイマー病，脳血管障害とともに最も頻度の高い中枢神経疾患の1つである。1995年に行われたWHO調査によると人口の約1％を悩ます疾患であり，女性乳癌，男性肺癌に匹敵する頻度でみられる¹⁾。最近のてんかん疫学研究では，実に5,000万人のてんかん患者が全世界でみられると報告されている²⁾。人口10万人あたり80人以上が毎年新たなてんかんを発症し，小児期および高齢者で多くみられる³⁾。

　今日では，てんかんは1つの独立した中枢神経疾患と見なされてはいるものの，その病態，成因が未だ完全な解明には至っておらず症例ごとに多様であり，1つの疾患概念でまとめきれない。そのため，てんかん専門家は複数呼称のてんかん（epilepsies）やてんかん症候群（epileptic syndromes）と考えており，国際抗てんかん連盟（International League Against Epilepsy：ILAE）国際分類でも複数呼称が使われている。すなわち，てんかんは未だに疾患単位か症候群かについて疑義のある中枢神経疾患といえよう。

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