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BRAIN and NERVE-神経研究の進歩65巻7号

2013年07月発行

増大特集 あしたの脳梗塞

あしたの静注血栓溶解療法

著者: 豊田一則1

所属機関: 1国立循環器病研究センター脳血管内科

ページ範囲:P.753 - P.760

文献概要

はじめに

 この稿を起こすにあたって,まずわが国における脳梗塞患者への急性期再開通治療と,それを取り巻く医療環境の変化を,Tableに示す。2005年に遺伝子組換え組織型プラスミノゲンアクティベータ(recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator:rt-PA)であるアルテプラーゼを用いた静注血栓溶解療法が国内承認された際には,米国より9年も遅れたドラッグラグを嘆いたが,その後の7年余りの間に,rt-PA静注療法承認を起爆剤とした治療の場(脳卒中ケアユニット;stroke care unit:SCU)や治療するチーム(認定看護師,リハビリテーションのセラピスト,救急隊員など)といった環境の変化が,急速に進んだことがわかる。2007年に定められた第五次改正医療法で,脳卒中がわが国の四大疾病と定められたことが,その象徴に思える(2013年には精神疾患が加わり,「五疾病」と称されるようになった)。

 2010年以降は,血栓溶解療法の相方となるもう1つの再開通療法,血管内治療のデバイス承認が続き(Merciリトリーバー®,Penumbraシステム®),超急性期治療の拡充に拍車をかけた。そして2012年にはrt-PA静注療法の治療開始可能時間が発症4.5時間後まで延長され,時期を合わせてこの治療の適正治療指針も改訂された1,2)。半年を経た2013年春の諸学会での研究発表を聴く限りでは,安全性を損なうことなく治療機会を増やす結果につながっているようである。

 今や静注血栓溶解療法はわが国の脳梗塞標準治療として根づいたが,この治療は決して完成されたものではない。慢性期の完全自立への復帰率が5割に満たないことからも明らかなように,改善の余地と可能性をまだ多く残している。ここでは,静注血栓溶解療法の改善のための課題として,特に治療開始可能時間と併用療法・後療法の問題を取り上げて解説し,あしたの静注血栓溶解療法を占う。

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1344-8129

印刷版ISSN:1881-6096

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