BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩68巻7号

2016年07月発行

総説

大脳基底核回路の形態学的知見

著者： 藤山文乃¹

所属機関： ¹同志社大学大学院脳科学研究科神経回路形態部門

ページ範囲：P.861 - P.864

文献概要

大脳基底核は運動の実行や調節に関わっていることが知られているが，黒質-線条体のドパミン系を中心に報酬系や強化学習などの新たな機能的側面も注目されている。しかしこの領域には，直接路・間接路投射系，およびストリオソーム・マトリックス構造という2つの概念が共存しており，ネットワークの明確な理解を現在もなお困難にしている。ここでは，新しい知見も踏まえ大脳基底核の構造を解説する。

参考文献

1)Alexander GE, Crutcher MD: Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosci 13: 266-271, 1990

2)Johnston JG, Gerfen CR, Haber SN, van der Kooy D: Mechanisms of striatal pattern formation: conservation of mammalian compartmentalization. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 57: 93-102, 1990

3)Kincaid AE, Wilson CJ: Corticostriatal innervation of the patch and matrix in the rat neostriatum. J Comp Neurol 374: 578-592, 1996

4)Reiner A, Hart NM, Lei W, Deng Y: Corticostriatal projection neurons-dichotomous types and dichotomous functions. Front Neuroanat 4: 142, 2010

5)Turner RS, DeLong MR: Corticostriatal activity in primary motor cortex of the macaque. J Neurosci 20: 7096-7108, 2000

6)Lei W, Jiao Y, Del Mar N, Reiner A: Evidence for differential cortical input to direct pathway versus indirect pathway striatal projection neurons in rats. J Neurosci 24: 8289-8299, 2004

7)Ballion B, Mallet N, Bézard E, Lanciego JL, Gonon F: Intratelencephalic corticostriatal neurons equally excite striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons and their discharge activity is selectively reduced in experimental parkinsonism. Eur J Neurosci 27: 2313-2321, 2008

8)Morishima M, Kawaguchi Y: Recurrent connection patterns of corticostriatal pyramidal cells in frontal cortex. J Neurosci 26: 4394-4405, 2006

9)Morishima M, Morita K, Kubota Y, Kawaguchi Y: Highly differentiated projection-specific cortical subnetworks. J Neurosci 31: 10380-10391, 2011

10)Ragsdale CW Jr, Graybiel AM: Compartmental organization of the thalamostriatal connection in the cat. J Comp Neurol 311: 134-167, 1991

11)Unzai T, Kuramoto E, Kaneko T, Fujiyama F: Quantitative Analyses of the Projection of individual Neurons from the Midline Thalamic Nuclei to the Striosome and Matrix Compartments of the Rat Striatum. Cereb Cortex, 2015 Dec 16［Epub ahead of print］

12)Fujiyama F, Unzai T, Kaneko T, Nomura S, Kaneko T: Difference in organization of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal synapses between patch and matrix compartments of rat neostriatum. Eur J Neurosci 24: 2813-2824, 2006

13)Gerfen CR, Herkenham M, Thibault J: The neostriatal mosaic: II. Patch- and matrix-directed mesostriatal dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems. J Neurosci 7: 3915-3934, 1987

14)Matsuda W, Furuta T, Nakamura KC, Hioki H, Fujiyama F, et al: Single nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons form widely spread and highly dense axonal arborizations in the neostriatum. J Neurosci 29: 444-453, 2009

15)Kawaguchi Y, Wilson CJ, Emson PC: Projection subtypes of rat neostriatal matrix cells revealed by intracellular injection of biocytin. J Neurosci 10: 3421-3438, 1990

16)Lévesque M, Parent A: The striatofugal fiber system in primates: a reevaluation of its organization based on single-axon tracing studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 11888-11893, 2005

17)Fujiyama F, Sohn J, Nakano T, Furuta T, Nakamura KC, et al: Exclusive and common targets of neostriatofugal projections of rat striosome neurons: a single neuron-tracing study using a viral vector. Eur J Neurosci 33: 668-677, 2011

18)Cui G, Jun SB, Jin X, Pham MD, Vogel SS, et al: Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation. Nature 494: 238-242, 2013

19)Isomura Y, Takekawa T, Harukuni R, Handa T, Aizawa H, et al: Reward-modulated motor information in identified striatum neurons. J Neurosci 33: 10209-10220, 2013

20)Jin X, Tecuapetla F, Costa RM: Basal ganglia subcircuits distinctively encode the parsing and concatenation of action sequences. Nat Neurosci 17: 423-430, 2014

21)Mallet N, Micklem BR, Henny P, Brown MT, Williams C, et al: Dichotomous organization of the external globus pallidus. Neuron 74: 1075-1086, 2012

22)Koshimizu Y, Fujiyama F, Nakamura KC, Furuta T, Kaneko T: Quantitative analysis of axon bouton distribution of subthalamic nucleus neurons in the rat by single neuron visualization with a viral vector. J Comp Neurol 521: 2125-2146, 2013

23)Fujiyama F, Nakano T, Matsuda W, Furuta T, Udagawa J, et al: A single-neuron tracing study of arkypallidal and prototypic neurons in healthy rats. Brain Struct Funct, 2015 Dec 7［Epub ahead of print］

24)Abdi A, Mallet N, Mohamed FY, Sharott A, Dodson PD, et al: Prototypic and arkypallidal neurons in the dopamine-intact external globus pallidus. J Neurosci 35: 6667-6688, 2015

25)Dodson PD, Larvin JT, Duffell JM, Garas FN, Doig NM, et al: Distinct developmental origins manifest in the specialized encoding of movement by adult neurons of the external globus pallidus. Neuron 86: 501-513, 2015