文献詳細
増大特集 記憶と忘却に関わる脳のしくみ—分子機構から健忘の症候まで
文献概要
記憶を人為的に書き換えることは,サイエンスフィクションであると考えられていた。しかし現在,記憶の物理的実体である記憶痕跡の活動を人為的に操作することで,独立した記憶を連合させたり,連合した記憶を切り離したり,社会性記憶の印象を操作したりできるようになってきた。本論では,記憶痕跡仮説の提唱から発見,さらに記憶痕跡の操作にわたり,マイルストーンとなる知見とともに概説したい。
参考文献
1)Semon RW: The Mneme. G. Allen & Unwin Limited, London, New York, 1921
2)Hebb DO: The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological Theory. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1949
3)Lashley KS: In Search of the Engram. McFadden D (ed): Physiological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior. (Society's Symposium IV.). Academic Press, Oxford, England, 1950, pp454-482
4)Scoville WB, Milner B: Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 20: 11-21, 1957
5)Corkin S: Acquisition of motor skill after bilateral medial temporal-lobe excision. Neuropsychologia 6: 255-265, 1968
6)Fanselow MS: Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning. Animal Learning & Behavior 18: 264-270, 1990
7)Matus-Amat P, Higgins EA, Sprunger D, Wright-Hardesty K, Rudy JW: The role of dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala NMDA receptors in the acquisition and retrieval of context and contextual fear memories. Behav Neurosci 121: 721-731, 2007
8)Beck CH, Fibiger HC: Conditioned fear-induced changes in behavior and in the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos: with and without diazepam pretreatment. J Neurosci 15: 709-720, 1995
9)Radulovic J, Kammermeier J, Spiess J: Relationship between Fos production and classical fear conditioning: effects of novelty, latent inhibition, and unconditioned stimulus preexposure. J Neurosci 18: 7452-7461, 1998
10)Hall J, Thomas KL, Everitt BJ: Fear memory retrieval induces CREB phosphorylation and Fos expression within the amygdala. Eur J Neurosci 13: 1453-1458, 2001
11)Gossen M, Bujard H: Tight control of gene expression in mammalian cells by tetracycline-responsive promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5547-5551, 1992
12)Reijmers LG, Perkins BL, Matsuo N, Mayford M: Localization of a stable neural correlate of associative memory. Science 317: 1230-1233, 2007
13)Han JH, Kushner SA, Yiu AP, Cole CJ, Matynia A, et al: Neuronal competition and selection during memory formation. Science 316: 457-460, 2007
14)Han JH, Kushner SA, Yiu AP, Hsiang HL, Buch T, et al: Selective erasure of a fear memory. Science 323: 1492-1496, 2009
15)Zhou Y, Won J, Karlsson MG, Zhou M, Rogerson T, et al: CREB regulates excitability and the allocation of memory to subsets of neurons in the amygdala. Nat Neurosci 12: 1438-1443, 2009
16)Bernstein JG, Boyden ES: Optogenetic tools for analyzing the neural circuits of behavior. Trends Cogn Sci 15: 592-600, 2011
17)Liu X, Ramirez S, Pang PT, Puryear CB, Govindarajan A, et al: Optogenetic stimulation of a hippocampal engram activates fear memory recall. Nature 484: 381-385, 2012
18)Ryan TJ, Roy DS, Pignatelli M, Arons A, Tonegawa S: Engram cells retain memory under retrograde amnesia. Science 348: 1007-1013, 2015
19)Tanaka KZ, Pevzner A, Hamidi AB, Nakazawa Y, Graham J, et al: Cortical representations are reinstated by the hippocampus during memory retrieval. Neuron 84: 347-354, 2014
20)Roy DS, Arons A, Mitchell TI, Pignatelli M, Ryan TJ, et al: Memory retrieval by activating engram cells in mouse models of early Alzheimer's disease. Nature 531: 508-512, 2016
21)Ohkawa N, Saitoh Y, Suzuki A, Tsujimura S, Murayama E, et al: Artificial association of pre-stored information to generate a qualitatively new memory. Cell Rep 11: 261-269, 2015
22)Cai DJ, Aharoni D, Shuman T, Shobe J, Biane J, et al: A shared neural ensemble links distinct contextual memories encoded close in time. Nature 534: 115-118, 2016
23)Nomoto M, Ohkawa N, Nishizono H, Yokose J, Suzuki A, et al: Cellular tagging as a neural network mechanism for behavioural tagging. Nat Commun 7: 12319, 2016[doi: 10.1038/ncomms12319]
24)Yokose J, Okubo-Suzuki R, Nomoto M, Ohkawa N, Nishizono H, et al: Overlapping memory trace indispensable for linking, but not recalling, individual memories. Science 355: 398-403, 2017
25)Okuyama T, Kitamura T, Roy DS, Itohara S, Tonegawa S: Ventral CA1 neurons store social memory. Science 353: 1536-1541, 2016
掲載誌情報