BRAIN and NERVE－神経研究の進歩74巻2号

2022年02月発行

総説

「死ぬ権利（the right to die）」にまつわる4つの医療行為—米国における現状とその医療倫理的背景

著者： 植村健司¹

所属機関： ¹メリーランド大学医学部老年・緩和医療部門

ページ範囲：P.181 - P.188

文献概要

死ぬ権利にまつわる4つの医療行為とはすなわち，延命治療の拒否および中止，緩和的鎮静と集中的症状緩和，医療自殺幇助，そして安楽死である。前二者が死ぬ権利の消極的権利であり，後二者が積極的権利である。本総説では，なぜ延命治療の拒否と中止が倫理的に同義となるのか，そして延命治療の中止ができないことによって生ずる臨床上の問題について説明する。また緩和的鎮静における二重効果の原則と均整の原則，医療自殺幇助の米国における実際と倫理的議論の背景，さらに安楽死はなぜ米国では受け入れられていないのかなどについても概説する。

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