条件を追加

BRAIN and NERVE77巻2号

2025年02月発行

検索

特集 孤立・孤独

社会と心が作り出す孤立・孤独

浦 光博 ¹

¹ 追手門学院大学

ページ範囲：pp.105-109

キーワード：

孤立  ,  孤独感  ,  心理学  ,  神経科学  ,  感情史  ,  isolation  ,  loneliness  ,  psychology  ,  neuroscience  ,  history of emotions

文献概要

孤独は現代の疫病として語られることがあるが，実は適応的な役割も持っている。日常生活で経験する一時的な孤独が慢性化することでさまざまな問題が生じる。本論では，心理学と神経科学の知見をもとに，対人情報処理の歪みが一時的な孤独を慢性化させる過程について考察した。また感情史の観点から，孤独という概念や孤独感がどのように形成されるのかを検討し，現代社会において孤独を生まない対人環境の条件についても探った。

Copyright © 2025, Igaku-Shoin Ltd. All rights reserved.

参考文献

1）Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Baker M, Harris T, Stephenson D: Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspect Psychol Sci 10: 227-237, 2015

2）Wang F, Gao Y, Han Z, Yu Y, Long Z, et al: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality. Nat Hum Behav 7: 1307-1319, 2023

3）中込敦士: 社会的孤立・孤独感が健康やウェルビーイングに及ぼす影響. 医療と社会34: 49-57, 2024

4）Demeter E, Rad D: Global life satisfaction and general antisocial behavior in young individuals: the mediating role of perceived loneliness in regard to social sustainability-a preliminary investigation. Sustainability 12: 4081, 2020［doi: 10.3390/su12104081］

5）Masui K: Loneliness moderates the relationship between Dark Tetrad personality traits and internet trolling. Pers Individ Dif 150: 109475, 2019［doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.06.018］

6）浦 光博: 社会的孤立・孤独の軽減と予防—一次予防研究の展開に向けて. 医療と社会34: 59-69, 2024

7）Cacioppo JT, Cacioppo S, Boomsma DI: Evolutionary mechanisms for loneliness. Cogn Emot 28: 3-21, 2014

8）MacDonald G, Leary MR: Why does social exclusion hurt? The relationship between social and physical pain. Psychol Bull 131: 202-223, 2005

9）Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT: Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Ann Behav Med 40: 218-227, 2010

10）五十嵐 祐: 孤独感と対人環境の再帰的構築. 心理学評論63: 403-417, 2020

11）Andrews-Hanna JR, Smallwood J, Spreng RN: The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1316: 29-52, 2014

12）Spreng RN, Dimas E, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Dagher A, Koellinger P, et al: The default network of the human brain is associated with perceived social isolation. Nat Commun 11: 6393, 2020［doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20039-w］

13）富井 繭, 小塩真司: 公的自己意識および私的自己意識と孤独感の関連—自己意識の下位側面に注目して. パーソナリティ研究32: 141-151, 2024

14）Lam JA, Murray ER, Yu KE, Ramsey M, Nguyen TT, et al: Neurobiology of loneliness: a systematic review. Neuropsychopharmacology 46: 1873-1887, 2021

15）Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Furutani K, Nomura M, Ura M, et al: Does higher general trust serve as a psychosocial buffer against social pain? An NIRS study of social exclusion. Soc Neurosci 6: 190-197, 2011

16）Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Onoda K, Furutani K, Nomura M, et al: The effects of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems on social inclusion and exclusion. J Exp Soc Psychol 47: 502-505, 2011

17）Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Furutani K, Nomura M, Yoshida H, et al: Temporal distance insulates against immediate social pain: an NIRS study of social exclusion. Soc Neurosci 6: 377-387, 2011

18）Yanagisawa K, Masui K, Furutani K, Nomura M, Yoshida H, et al: Family socioeconomic status modulates the coping-related neural response of offspring. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 8: 617-622, 2013［doi: 10.1093/scan/nss039］

19）Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD: Why rejection hurts: a common neural alarm system for physical and social pain. Trends Cogn Sci 8: 294-300, 2004

20）Yamagishi T, Yamagishi M: Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motiv Emot 18: 129-166, 1994

21）Gray JA: Précis of The neuropsychology of anxiety: an enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Behav Brain Sci 5: 469-484, 1982

22）Trope Y, Liberman N: Temporal construal. Psychol Rev 110: 403-421, 2003

23）Taylor SE, Seeman TE: Psychosocial resources and the SES-health relationship. Ann N Y Acad Sci 896: 210-225, 1999

24）Social isolation among older individuals: The relationship to mortality and morbidity. Berg RL, Cassells JS (Eds): The Second Fifty Years: Promoting Health and Preventing Disability. National Academies Press, Washington DC, 1992

25）Perlman D, Peplau LA: Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Gilmour R, Duck S (Eds): Personal Relationships: 3. Relationships in Disorder. Academic Press, London, 1981, pp31-56

26）Alberti FB: A Biography of Loneliness: The History of an Emotion. Oxford University Press, New York, 2019［フェイ・バウンド・アルバーティ（著）, 神崎朗子（訳）: 私たちはいつから「孤独」になったのか. みすず書房, 東京, 2023］.

27）朝日新聞社: 鴻巣友季子の文学潮流（第9回）「孤独」の蔓延と, 寂しんぼ時代の光.　https://book.asahi.com/article/15090330（最終閲覧日: 2024年9月26日）

28）Yuki M, Schug J: Relational mobility: a socioecological approach to personal relationships. Gillath O, Adams G, Kunkel A (Eds): Relationship Science: Integrating Evolutionary, Neuroscience, and Sociocultural Approaches. American Psychological Association, Washington DC, 2012, pp137-151

29）Park B, Kim M, Young L: The role of relational mobility in relationship quality and well-being. J Soc Pers Relatsh 39: 3728-3752, 2022

30）Badman RP, Nordström R, Ueda M, Akaishi R: Perceptions of social rigidity predict loneliness across the Japanese population. Sci Rep 12: 16073, 2022［doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20561-5］

31）Hirsch BJ: Psychological dimensions of social networks: a multimethod analysis. Am J Community Psychol 7: 263-277, 1979

32）Hirsch BJ: Natural support systems and coping with major life changes. Am J Community Psychol 8: 159-172, 1980

33）Wilcox BL: Social support in adjusting to marital disruption: a network analysis. Gottlieb BH (Ed): Social Networks and Social Support. Sage, Beverly Hills, 1981, pp97-115