1) Kojima T, Akishita M, Kameyama Y, et al:High risk of adverse drug reactions in elderly patients taking six or more drugs:analysis of inpatient database. Geriatr Gerontol Int 12:761-762, 2012
2) Violi F, Pastori D, Perticone F, et al:Relationship between low Ankle-Brachial Index and rapid renal function decline in patients with atrial fibrillation:a prospective multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open 5:e008026, 2015
3) Budnitz DS, Lovegrove MC, Shehab N, et al:Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older Americans. N Engl J Med 365:2002-2012, 2011
4) Arbel R, Sergienko R, Hammerman A, et al:Effectiveness and Safety of Off-Label Dose-Reduced Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Med 132:847-855, 2019
5) Murata N, Okumura Y, Yokoyama K, et al:Clinical Outcomes of Off-Label Dosing of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy Among Japanese Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Identified From the SAKURA AF Registry. Circ J 83:727-735, 2019
6) Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al:A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 347:1825-1833, 2002
7) Saksena S, Slee A, Waldo AL, et al:Cardiovascular outcomes in the AFFIRM Trial(Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management). An assessment of individual antiarrhythmic drug therapies compared with rate control with propensity score-matched analyses. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1975-1985, 2011
8) 日本循環器学会/日本不整脈心電学会:2020年改訂版 不整脈薬物治療ガイドライン.2020
9) Van Gelder IC, Groenveld HF, Crijns HJ, et al:Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 362:1363-1373, 2010
10) Flaker GC, Blackshear JL, McBride R, et al:Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and cardiac mortality in atrial fibrillation. The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:527-532, 1992
11) Dalgaard F, Pallisgaard JL, Numé AK, et al:Rate or Rhythm Control in Older Atrial Fibrillation Patients:Risk of Fall-Related Injuries and Syncope. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2023-2030, 2019