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雑誌文献

臨床検査52巻11号

2008年10月発行

文献概要

特集 ホルモンの病態異常と臨床検査 各論Ⅱ 多臓器,組織におけるホルモン相互間作用

4.消化とホルモン

著者: 奥村利勝1

所属機関: 1旭川医科大学総合診療部

ページ範囲:P.1337 - P.1342

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はじめに

 消化とは摂取した食物の酵素による化学的粉化であり,この過程には胃液・膵液などの消化管腔内に分泌される消化液が重要な役割を果たす.消化管ホルモンはセクレチンやガストリンなどすでに発見以来100年以上経過しているものから,グレリンのように発見後10年に満たないものまで多数報告されている.これらの消化管ホルモンの多くは脳腸ホルモンとも呼ばれ,消化管や膵臓の内分泌細胞のみならず中枢神経系の神経細胞にも存在する.これらのホルモンは内分泌ホルモンとしてだけでなく,分泌局所で作用したり,神経伝達物質としても作用し胃液膵液分泌に関与する.以上の知見は胃腸の生理機能調節は消化管ホルモンが神経系と密接に連携して行われていることを裏付けている.通常のペプチドホルモンに加え,種々のアミンやnitric oxide(NO)なども広義の消化管ホルモンと考えられている.見方によってはインターロイキン1(interleukin-1;IL-1)のようなサイトカインも同じ分類に入る.

 中枢神経系により胃酸分泌や腸管運動などの消化器機能が調節されることは,実験動物の中枢神経を刺激または破壊するといった古典的な生理学的手法を用いて古くより明らかにされていた.1980年頃から甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン(thyrotropin-releasing hormone;TRH)や副腎皮質刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン(corticotropin-releasing hormone;CRH)といった視床下部ホルモンが従来の内分泌軸を活性化するのみならず,中枢神経系に作用して胃酸分泌などの消化器機能調節にかかわる神経ペプチドであることが明らかにされ,ホルモン(神経ペプチド)と脳腸相関の研究が進展した1).本稿では脳腸相関の視点で捉える胃液・膵液分泌におけるホルモンの役割を自験の知見を中心に概説する.

参考文献

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掲載誌情報

出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1367

印刷版ISSN:0485-1420

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