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文献概要

今月の主題 平衡機能検査 総説

めまい・平衡障害を呈する疾患の病態生理

著者: 北原糺1

所属機関: 1大阪大学大学院医学系研究科耳鼻咽喉科

ページ範囲:P.1389 - P.1395

 良性発作性頭位めまい症は頭部運動時に剥離した耳石が半規管に迷入することで一過性に回転性めまいが生じ,メニエール病は内リンパ水腫により回転性めまいとともに難聴,耳鳴が繰り返し生じる.前庭神経炎およびめまいを伴う突発性難聴は,数日間の臥床を余儀なくされる回転性めまい発作が生じるが,前者は主として前庭神経1次求心性ニューロンのウイルス性障害,後者はコルチ器を含めた内耳血管性病変と推察されている.これらの疾患の病態を考える際,疾患のメイン・イベントである回転性めまい発作のみにとらわれてはならない.治療により回転性めまい発作は消失しても,発作により生じた半規管麻痺が大きければ,執拗に持続する誘発性の眼振や浮動感に悩まされる.各種平衡機能検査の実施は,めまい疾患の前庭系における障害部位,程度,経過を把握するために重要である.

参考文献

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出版社:株式会社医学書院

電子版ISSN:1882-1367

印刷版ISSN:0485-1420

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