臨床検査55巻5号

2011年05月発行

今月の主題 癌幹細胞と検査医学 各論

慢性骨髄増殖性疾患の白血病幹細胞

著者： 北中明¹ 下田和哉²

所属機関： ¹香川大学医学部医学科臨床検査医学講座 ²宮崎大学医学部内科学講座消化器血液学分野

ページ範囲：P.471 - P.476

慢性骨髄増殖性疾患は，複数系統の血球が増加，肝脾腫を伴う，相互に病型移行がみられる，などの共通した特徴を有する造血幹細胞疾患である．染色体転座による融合遺伝子の形成や遺伝子変異により，通常は刺激に応じて活性化されるチロシンキナーゼが恒常的に活性化されて発症する．慢性骨髄増殖性疾患の腫瘍細胞は，少数の白血病幹細胞と大多数の分化した腫瘍細胞から構成されており，その白血病幹細胞は，正常造血幹細胞と同様なKLS分画に濃縮される．Wnt/βカテニンシグナル，ヘッジホッグシグナル，promyelocytic leukemia protein(PML)，フォークヘッド転写因子(FOXO)など，正常造血幹細胞の自己複製や維持に必須な分子により，白血病幹細胞も維持，制御されている．

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